Pharmacology I

Book :

Essential of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Book PDF : Click Here 

Prefer Book over Note for Pharmacology 

Assignment : Click here

Quiz Question :

Select the best answer:

1. Which of the following is correctly matched serotonin antagonist and its clinical use?
   A. Methysergic – Appetite stimulation
   B. Cyproheptadine – Migraine prophylaxis and allergic rhinitis
   C. Methysergic – Peptic ulcer treatment
   D. Cyproheptadine – Hypertension

2. Which of the following is NOT a common therapeutic use of H1-antihistamines?
   A. Allergic rhinitis
   B. Urticaria
   C. Motion sickness
   D. Peptic ulcer

3. Stimulation of H1 histamine receptors produces all of the following EXCEPT:
   A. Bronchoconstriction
   B. Vasodilation
   C. Increased capillary permeability
   D. Increased gastric acid secretion

4. Histamine is synthesized from which amino acid?
   A. Tyrosine
   B. Histidine
   C. Tryptophan
   D. Phenylalanine

5. Which of the following is NOT classified as an autacoid?
   A. Histamine
   B. Serotonin
   C. Bradykinin
   D. Insulin

6. Which of the following acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used in atropine poisoning?
   A. Neostigmine
   B. Physostigmine
   C. Edrophonium
   D. Pyridostigmine

7. Which adrenergic agonist is most selective for β1 and β2 receptors and is used primarily in cardiac stimulation?
   A. Norepinephrine
   B. Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol)
   C. Dopamine
   D. Ephedrine

8. Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of epinephrine?
   A. Anaphylactic shock
   B. Cardiac arrest
   C. Asthma (acute attack)
   D. Hypertension

9. Which of the following adrenergic receptors is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction?
   A. β1 receptor
   B. β2 receptors
   C. α1 receptors
   D. α2 receptors

10. Which of the following is the correct order of catecholamine synthesis in sympathetic neurons?
    A. Dopamine → Tyrosine → Norepinephrine → Epinephrine
    B. Tyrosine → Dopamine → Epinephrine → Norepinephrine
    C. Tyrosine → DOPA → Dopamine → Norepinephrine → Epinephrine
    D. Tyrosine → DOPA → Norepinephrine → Dopamine → Epinephrine

11. Nicotine initially stimulates autonomic ganglia by:
    A. Blocking Na+ channels
    B. Inhibiting nicotinic receptors
    C. Activating nicotinic receptors leading to depolarization
    D. Inhibiting vesicular ACh transport

12. Carbachol differs from acetylcholine in that it:
    A. Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
    B. Acts only on nicotinic receptors
    C. Is resistant to acetylcholinesterase breakdown
    D. Has no muscarinic activity

13. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors?
    A. Inhibits ACh release
    B. Stimulates G-protein coupled receptors (M1–M5)
    C. Blocks nicotinic receptors
    D. Inhibits cAMP production

14. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor is predominantly found in which of the following tissues?
    A. Heart
    B. Bronchial smooth muscle
    C. Blood platelets
    D. Kidney juxtaglomerular cells

15. Which adrenergic agonist is most selective for β1 and β2 receptors and is used primarily in cardiac stimulation?
    A. Norepinephrine
    B. Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol)
    C. Dopamine
    D. Ephedrine

16. Which of the following drugs is an irreversible, non-selective alpha adrenergic antagonist?
    A. Prazosin
    B. Tolazoline
    C. Phenoxybenzamine
    D. Propranolol

17. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of histamine release during allergic reactions?
    A. Bradycardia
    B. Bronchodilation
    C. Hypertension and itching
    D. Constipation

18. Prostaglandins are synthesized from which precursor via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway?
    A. Arachidonic acid
    B. Linoleic acid
    C. Histidine
    D. Serotonin

19. Which of the following is a primary effect of bradykinin?
    A. Bronchodilation
    B. Vasoconstriction
    C. Pain and vasodilation
    D. Increased cardiac output

20. Bradykinin is a potent vasoactive peptide formed from:
    A. Kallikrein acting on kininogen
    B. Angiotensinogen
    C. Prothrombin
    D. Renin acting on albumin

  

Theory Question :

Write short answer:

1. Why does stimulation of β2-receptors cause a fall in blood pressure, despite sympathetic activation generally increasing BP?

2. How does norepinephrine increase blood pressure?

3. What is the mechanism of action of serotonin (5-HT) on GI motility?

4. How does bradykinin mediate pain and vasodilation?

5. What is the action of atropine at muscarinic receptors?

Final Question :